| noun |
bontÈ |
uninflected plural only, les archives; sing and plural same, la/les noix |
114 |
| noun |
porte |
singular and plural la porte / les portes) |
119 |
| noun |
eau |
plural ends in -x, les eaux, les peaux |
145 |
| noun |
madame |
irregular plural; madame / mesdames |
165 |
| noun |
lady |
like lady, ladies |
207 |
| noun |
chapeau |
plural in -x (e.g. tuyaux, manteau) and some words ending in -ou (e.g. cailloux) |
99 |
| noun |
journal |
plural with stem change (-al -> -aux); le journal/les journaux |
100 |
| noun |
permis |
uninflected, sing only le/les faire-part, plural only les archives, same in sing and pl le/les nez |
113 |
| noun |
livre |
sing and pl-le livre/les livres |
120 |
| noun |
monsieur |
irregular plural,le monsieur/les messieurs |
140 |
| noun |
bail |
plural with stem change 'ail -> aux'(e.g. le bail/les baux) |
148 |
| noun |
oeil |
irregular plural: l'oeil/les yeux |
151 |
| noun |
quantum |
latin plural; -um ->a |
183 |
| noun |
caddy |
masc noun of English origin: caddy ->caddies |
184 |
| noun |
manger |
uninflected, singlular only, like manger |
214 |
| verb |
Ítre |
Ítre |
1 |
| verb |
avoir |
avoir |
2 |
| verb |
parler |
Regular ending in -ER (no change in root before -ER): parler (default) |
3 |
| verb |
mener |
Reg. with vowel change (-e -> -Ë before an unstressed syllable, ex: mener/ je mËne) |
4 |
| verb |
cÈder |
Reg. with vowel change (-È -> -Ë before an unstressed syllable, ex: cÈder/je cËde) |
5 |
| verb |
avancer |
Reg. with consonant change (-c -> -Á before -a and -o, ex: avancer/avanÁons, avanÁait) |
6 |
| verb |
manger |
Reg. with addit. vowel -e after -g before -a and -o (manger/mangeons, mangeais) |
7 |
| verb |
appeler |
Reg. with double cons. (-l -> -ll, -t -> -tt) before an unstressed syll. (ex: jeter / je jette) |
8 |
| verb |
protÈger |
Reg. with additional -e before -a and -o and vowel change (È -> Ë): protÈger |
9 |
| verb |
envoyer |
Reg. with vowel change (-y -> -i) before an unstressed syllable (ex: envoyer / il envoie) |
10 |
| verb |
aller |
Irreg. with suppletion (root change -> all-, v-, ir-, aill-, ex: allaient, vont, iront, aillent) |
11 |
| verb |
partir |
Irreg. in -ir with shortened stem (cons. deleted before the ending (je pars, elle sert)) |
12 |
| verb |
finir |
Reg. ending in -ir (2 stems: fini-, finiss- ex: finis, finissez, finira) |
13 |
| verb |
venir |
Irreg. in -ir with vowel change (-ien, -ienn, -en, -in) and cons. add (-d) in fut.and cond. |
14 |
| verb |
rapiÈcer |
Reg. with vowel change (as 05 CŠDER) and cons. change (as 06 AVANCER) |
15 |
| verb |
inclure |
Irreg. in -re, past participle in -us |
16 |
| verb |
acquÈrir |
Irreg. in -ir with vowel change (-Èr, -er, -ier, -iËr) and shortened stem (acquit, acquerra) |
17 |
| verb |
ouvrir |
Irreg. in -ir with reg. ending (il ouvre) and irreg. ending (il ouvrit) and irreg. stem (ouvert) |
18 |
| verb |
gÈsir |
Irreg. in -ir, defective verb, only pres. and imperf. indic. and pres. past (il gÓt, gisant) |
19 |
| verb |
tressaillir |
Irreg. in -ir (as 18 OUVRIR) with regular past part. (assaillir, assaille, assailli) |
20 |
| verb |
accroire |
defective verb - infinitive form only |
21 |
| verb |
dÈpecer |
Reg. in -er with vowel change (e -> Ë) and cons. change (c -> Á) |
22 |
| verb |
cueillir |
Irreg. in -ir (as 18 OUVRIR) (cueille, cueilli) fut. and cond. as -er verb (cueillera) |
23 |
| verb |
courir |
Irreg. in -ir, past part. in -u (il court, il courra, couru, courant) |
24 |
| verb |
mourir |
Irreg. in -ir, vowel change (-ou -> -eu before an unstr. syll., mourir/meurs) past. part. 'mort' |
25 |
| verb |
fuir |
Irreg. in -ir with vowel change (i -> y) before a stressed syllable (fuit, fuyons) |
26 |
| verb |
vÍtir |
Irreg. in -ir (3rd pers. pres. indic. -> vÍt |
27 |
| verb |
devoir |
Irreg. in -oir with vowel pattern (-e, -oi, -u): devoir; past part in 'š' |
28 |
| verb |
recevoir |
Irreg. in -oir; cons. change (c -> Á before -o, -u) and vowel change (-oi, -e, -u) |
29 |
| verb |
voir |
Irreg. in -oir with vowel change (voi-t, voy-iez, vi-t, v-u), stem change (ver-ra) |
30 |
| verb |
pourvoir |
Irreg. in -oir with vowel change (-oi, -oy, -u) (pourvois, pourvoyions, pourvu) |
31 |
| verb |
pouvoir |
Irreg. in -oir, stem change (pour-ra), vowel change (peux, pouvons, put, puissions), no imperat. |
32 |
| verb |
savoir |
Irreg. in -oir with stem and vowel change (savoir, sait, saurait, sache, su) |
33 |
| verb |
prÈvoir |
Irreg. in -oir with vowel change (prÈvoit, prÈvoyons, prÈvit, prÈvu) (fut. prÈvoira) |
34 |
| verb |
pleuvoir |
Irreg. in -oir, impersonal verb (only 3rd pers) no imperative, with vowel change (-eu, -u) |
35 |
| verb |
falloir |
Irreg. ending in -oir, impersonal, no imperative, stem change (faut, faudra, fallait, faille); -uÒir - see 049 for -eÒir) |
36 |
| verb |
valoir |
Irreg. in -oir, stem and vowel change (vaut, valait, vaudra, vaille), |
37 |
| verb |
prÈvaloir |
Irreg. in -oir (as 37 VALOIR) pres subj 'prÈvale' |
38 |
| verb |
vouloir |
Irreg. in -oir, vowel change (vouloir, veut, veuille) stem change in fut and cond (voudra) |
39 |
| verb |
asseoir |
Irreg. in -oir, vowel change (assied, asseyait, assit, assiÈra) |
40 |
| verb |
surseoir |
Irreg. in -oir with vowel change before a stressed syll. (sursoit, sursoyait) |
41 |
| verb |
choir |
Irreg. in -oir, defective verb (usual are inf. pres. ind., past. part) |
42 |
| verb |
dÈchoir |
Irreg. in -oir, defective verb (no imperf indic, imperat, pres part), vowel pattern: -oi, -oy, -u |
43 |
| verb |
Èchoir |
Irreg. in -oir, defective verb (3rd pers only), no imperative |
44 |
| verb |
haÔr |
Reg. in -ir, stem change (-ai , -aÔ) |
45 |
| verb |
ouÔr |
Irreg. in -ir, defective verb (usual are infinitif, pres and past part) |
46 |
| verb |
rendre |
regular -re verb (3rd pers pres indicat without ending; il rend) no stem change |
47 |
| verb |
prendre |
Irreg. in -dre, stem change (prends, prenons, prennent, pris) no ending 3rd pers sing pres ind |
48 |
| verb |
joindre |
Irreg. in -indre with stem change (joindre, joint, joins, joigne) |
49 |
| verb |
absoudre |
Irreg. in -dre, defect verb (no pret, imperf subj), stem change (-olv) 2 past part (-ous, -oute) |
51 |
| verb |
rÈsoudre |
Irreg. in -dre, stem change (rÈsous, rÈsolvons, rÈsoudrons, rÈsolu) |
52 |
| verb |
sourdre |
Irreg. in -dre, defective verb (only infinitif and 3rd pers pres indic (il sourd, ils sourdent) |
53 |
| verb |
moudre |
Irreg. in -dre, stem change (moudre/moulu, coudre/cousu), no ending: 3rd pers sing pres ind |
54 |
| verb |
rompre |
Irreg. in -re, pret in -i, past part in -u (il rompt, il rompi, rompu) |
55 |
| verb |
faire |
Irreg. in -re, stem and vowel change, (fait, font, fit, fera, fasse) |
56 |
| verb |
taire |
Irreg. in -re, vowel pattern (-ai, -u, ex: il se tait, il se sont tus) |
57 |
| verb |
traire |
Irreg. in -re, traire and comp are defect verb( no pret and imperf subj) vowel pattern (-ait, -ayi |
58 |
| verb |
plaire |
Irreg. in -re, vowel pattern (plait, plut), past part invariable (ils se sont plu) |
59 |
| verb |
clore |
Irreg. in -re, defect verb (no imperf, pret, imperf subj...) |
60 |
| verb |
enclore |
Irreg. in -re, defect verb (no imperf indic and subj, no pret) |
61 |
| verb |
Ècrire |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (Ècrire, -ivons, -it), past part -it |
62 |
| verb |
lire |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (il lit, nous lisons, il lira, lu) |
63 |
| verb |
dire |
Irreg. in -re (2nd pers plur pres indic: vous dites) |
64 |
| verb |
circoncire |
Irreg. in -re (as 62 conduire), past part -is |
65 |
| verb |
mÈdire |
Irreg. in -re (as 64 dire), past part -it, (pres indic; vous mÈdisez) |
66 |
| verb |
confire |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (confire, confisons, confit), past part -it |
67 |
| verb |
suffire |
Irreg. in -re (as 67 CONFIRE) past part -i (suffi) |
68 |
| verb |
rire |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (rire, rions), past part -i |
69 |
| verb |
frire |
Irreg. in -re, defective verb (only: inf, pres indic (sing forms), past part (-it) |
70 |
| verb |
bruire |
Irreg. in -re, defective verb (stem 2 bruyait is obsolete) new forms -issait, -issant (as 13 FINIR) |
71 |
| verb |
luire |
Irreg. in -re, (as 62 CONDUIRE), past part -i (invariable) |
72 |
| verb |
nuire |
Irreg. in -re, (as 62 CONDUIRE) past part -i (no feminin) |
73 |
| verb |
battre |
Irreg. in -re, (sing pres indic -> only one -t (je bats, il bat) past part -u (battu) |
74 |
| verb |
mettre |
Irreg. in -re, (sing pres indic only one -t (je mets, il met)) stem change (il mit) past part -is |
75 |
| verb |
croÓtre |
Irreg. ending in -re, stem change (croÓs, croissais, croÓtra, cršt (no -Ó before -ss)) |
76 |
| verb |
naÓtre |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (naÓtre, naissons, naquit) past part -È (nÈ) |
77 |
| verb |
connaÓtre |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (-aÓtre, -aÓt, -aissons, -ut) past part -u (connu) |
78 |
| verb |
paÓtre |
Irreg. in -re (defective verb, no preterit) stem change (as 78 CONNA‘TRE) past part -u |
79 |
| verb |
conclure |
Irreg. in -re, past part -u |
80 |
| verb |
vaincre |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (il vainc (without -t), nous vainquons, vaincu, vainquant) |
81 |
| verb |
suivre |
Irreg. in -re, consonant lost in pres indic sing (je suis, il suit), past part -i |
82 |
| verb |
vivre |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (vivre, il vit, il vÈcut) past part vÈcu, pres part vivant |
83 |
| verb |
boire |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (boire, boit, boivent, buvons, but) past part -u |
84 |
| verb |
croire |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (je crois, nous croyons, on crut) past part cru, pres part croyant |
85 |
| verb |
seoir |
Irreg. in -oir, defective verb (only 3rd pers (sied, siera), and pres and past part (sis, seyant)) |
86 |
| verb |
aboyer |
Verb in -ayer, -oyer, uyer. Regular ER endings, stem changes. Use endings from PAT 4. |
102 |
| verb |
servir |
servir |
106 |
| verb |
accroÓtre |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (-oi, -u) past part -u |
107 |
| verb |
dÈlÈguer |
Reg in -er, with vowel change (as 05 CŠDER), 2 pres part (-guant, -gant(-e-s)) |
115 |
| verb |
dormir |
Irreg. in -ir with shortened stem (je dors), past part without changes (intr) |
121 |
| verb |
recroÓtre |
Irreg. in -re (as 107 ACCRO‘TRE) past part -š |
122 |
| verb |
fatiguer |
Regular ER verb (03) ending in -guer with present participle in -guant and verbal adjective in -gant |
124 |
| verb |
adhÈrer |
Verb with vowel change (È to Ë, pat 05) and verbal adjective in -ent |
125 |
| verb |
converger |
Regular ER verb ending in -ger (pat 07) with verbal adjective in -ent |
126 |
| verb |
Èquivaloir |
Irreg. in -oir, (as 37 VALOIR), 2 pres part (-ant, -ent(-e-s)) past part feminin invariable |
127 |
| verb |
convaincre |
Irreg. in -re, stem change (as 81 VAINCRE), verbal adjective in -cant |
128 |
| verb |
arguer |
Reg in -er, with diphthong (-uer, -uÎs, -uÔons, -uÔez) |
129 |
| verb |
mouvoir |
mouvoir - past participle masculine form with the accent (mš); from old 28 |
141 |
| verb |
Èmouvoir |
Èmouvoir, promouvoir - past participle with no accent in masculine (Èmu); from old 28 |
142 |
| verb |
coudre |
coudre was in pat 54, new pat had to be created to accommodate stem differences with moudre |
143 |
| verb |
conduire |
conduire |
144 |
| verb |
maudire |
maudire conjugates like finir with past participle maudit, ite; was originally assigned to pat 64 |
146 |
| verb |
communiquer |
Regular ER verb (03) ending in -quer with present participle in -quant and verbal adjective in -cant |
147 |
| verb |
bouillir |
bouillir, bouillant, bouilli, je bous, je bouillis, a variant of 12 |
185 |
| adjective |
grand |
regular adj, no stem change (grand, grands, grande, grandes) |
87 |
| adjective |
facile |
adj, masculine and feminine forms are the same, also noun used adjectively in masc form only (compresseur) |
88 |
| adjective |
destructeur |
destructeur, destructrice |
89 |
| adjective |
heureux |
heureux, heureuse |
90 |
| adjective |
gris |
adj, no change in masc sing and plural |
91 |
| adjective |
amical |
adj, irregular form in masc plur (masc: -al, -aux, fem: -ale, -ales) |
92 |
| adjective |
beau |
beau, belle, beaux, belles, bel |
93 |
| adjective |
aigu |
aigu, aig¸e |
103 |
| adjective |
dš |
dš, due, dus, dues |
104 |
| adjective |
bel |
bel in preposed adjective noun phrases |
109 |
| adjective |
enchanteur |
enchanteur, enchanteresse |
117 |
| adjective |
fol |
fol in preposed adjective noun phrases |
138 |
| adjective |
vieil |
vieil in preposed adjective noun phrases |
149 |
| adjective |
bas |
regular; double final consonant |
152 |
| adjective |
frais |
frais, fraÓche |
153 |
| adjective |
exprËs |
exprËs, expresse |
154 |
| adjective |
absous |
absous absoute |
155 |
| adjective |
faux |
faux, fausse |
156 |
| adjective |
vieux |
vieux, vieille, vieil |
157 |
| adjective |
doux |
doux, douce |
158 |
| adjective |
actif |
actif, active |
159 |
| adjective |
tout |
tout, toute, tous, toutes |
161 |
| adjective |
ancien |
adjective, double last consonant + 'e': ancien, anciennev |
162 |
| adjective |
complet |
complet, complËte |
163 |
| adjective |
cajoleur |
cajoleur, cajoleuse; unaccented superlative |
164 |
| adjective |
grec |
grec, grecque |
166 |
| adjective |
sec |
sec, sËche |
167 |
| adjective |
public |
public, publique |
168 |
| adjective |
long |
long, longue |
169 |
| adjective |
favori |
favori, favorite |
170 |
| adjective |
malin |
malin, maligne |
171 |
| adjective |
fou |
fou, folle, fol |
172 |
| adjective |
esquimau |
esquimau, esquimaude |
173 |
| adjective |
standard |
Adjective invariable, mostly nounin apposition; cf. 191 |
174 |
| adjective |
blanc |
blanc, blanche |
175 |
| adjective |
bref |
bref, brËve |
176 |
| adjective |
tiers |
tiers, tierce |
177 |
| adjective |
andalou |
andalou, andalouse |
178 |
| adjective |
traÓtre |
traÓtre, traÓtresse |
179 |
| adjective |
hÈbreu |
hÈbreu, hÈbraÔque |
180 |
| adjective |
grande |
feminine adjective in noun phrase |
186 |
| adjective |
un |
un (singular only) |
202 |
| adjective |
demi |
demi |
210 |
| adjective |
er |
ordinal (1st) |
213 |
| determiner/quantifier |
le |
definite article, one plural form (masc sing: le/l', fem sing: la, plur: les) |
94 |
| determiner/quantifier |
ce |
adj demonstrative |
95 |
| determiner/quantifier |
mon |
possessive adjective, like mon |
96 |
| determiner/quantifier |
notre |
adj possessive plural (notre, nos, votre, vos) |
97 |
| determiner/quantifier |
leur |
possessive adjective, like leur |
112 |
| determiner/quantifier |
un |
indefinite |
130 |
| determiner/quantifier |
tout |
Indefinite, tout |
181 |
| determiner/quantifier |
un |
Arithmate |
188 |
| determiner/quantifier |
quelque |
quelque |
193 |
| determiner/quantifier |
quel |
quel |
194 |
| determiner/quantifier |
soit |
soit (in phrase quel que soit les) |
198 |
| determiner/quantifier |
certain |
Indefinite,like certain |
199 |
| determiner/quantifier |
divers |
Indefinite, plural only |
204 |
| determiner/quantifier |
son |
son |
205 |
| determiner/quantifier |
trois |
trois |
206 |
| determiner/quantifier |
un |
un tel |
209 |
| numeric |
un |
like un |
212 |
| pronoun |
il |
all pronoun forms |
98 |
| pronoun |
lequel |
Pronoun, (interrogative: lequel) |
101 |
| pronoun |
chacun |
indefinite pronoun, only sing |
105 |
| pronoun |
me |
personal |
108 |
| pronoun |
lui |
intensive, like moi-mÍme |
110 |
| pronoun |
lui |
like lui-mÍme |
118 |
| pronoun |
le |
used in phrases |
123 |
| pronoun |
je |
personal pronoun, 1st person sing |
133 |
| pronoun |
il |
personal pronoun, 3rd masculine |
134 |
| pronoun |
elle |
personal pronoun, elle |
135 |
| pronoun |
ils |
personal pronoun, ils, elles |
136 |
| pronoun |
il |
personal pronoun; 3rd person |
137 |
| pronoun |
tu |
personal pronoun, 2nd pers sing |
139 |
| pronoun |
celui |
celui |
160 |
| pronoun |
tout |
tout, toute, tous, toutes |
182 |
| pronoun |
un |
un |
187 |
| pronoun |
celui-ci |
celui-ci |
189 |
| pronoun |
celui-lý |
celui-lý |
190 |
| pronoun |
nous |
nous and vous |
191 |
| pronoun |
autre |
autre |
192 |
| pronoun |
certains |
certains |
195 |
| pronoun |
particulier |
particulier |
196 |
| pronoun |
quel |
quel |
197 |
| pronoun |
uns |
quelques-uns |
200 |
| pronoun |
moins |
uninflected, like moins |
203 |
| pronoun |
un |
un tel |
208 |
| pronoun |
ce |
ce |
211 |
| relative/interrogative pronoun |
qui |
qui |
116 |
| relative/interrogative pronoun |
qui |
qui (non-human) |
131 |
| relative/interrogative pronoun |
qui |
ce qui |
132 |
| relative/interrogative pronoun |
quel |
quel |
201 |